生物质热解提质制油系统的能源—经济—环境复合模型研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 03:01

本文选题：生物质 + 热解　；参考：《东南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：能源危机和环境污染是人类社会正面临的双重压力,生物质作为唯一可直接转换为液体燃料的可再生能源,积极发展生物质制取液体燃料技术,对于保障我国能源安全和减少温室气体排放有重要作用。本文以生物质快速热解提质制取液体燃料系统为研究对象,从能源、经济、环境三个角度对系统进行分析和评价。首先,本文构建了500吨/天生物质快速热解超临界乙醇提质制取液体燃料系统(PY-USE)和生物质快速热解催化加氢制取液体燃料系统(PY-CH)工艺流程,基于Aspen Plus建立了它们的过程仿真模型,仿真计算得到的热力学参数(质量流量、热流量、功耗、物流化学成分及浓度、焓、熵等)是进行系统分析工作的基础。然后,本文对PY-USE和PY-CH进行了嗾分析,利用仿真得到的热力学参数计算物流的物理嗾和化学嗾,将整个系统划分为预处理、生物质快速热解、生物油提质和能量回收利用四个子系统,分别进行了详细嗾损分析和嗾效率计算。研究结果表明：降低预处理子系统嗾损失关键在于减少生物质干燥过程的热量消耗；生物质快速热解子系统嗾损主要是由热解反应器以及焦炭和不可凝气体燃烧过程造成的,将所有产品都视作收益炯时,生物质快速热解子系统嗾效率为69.12%; PY-USE的生物油提质子系统嗾损量明显高于PY-CH,这是由于生物油超临界乙醇提质热量消耗比催化加氢大,PY-USE和PY-CH的生物油提质子系统嗾效率分别为88.37%和89.94%,对换热系统进行优化设计可使嗾效率进一步提高；能量回收利用子系统嗾效率为43.91%,子系统中炉膛嗾损量比汽轮机嗾损量大得多；从整个系统的角度,PY-USE和PY-CH的嗾效率分别为48.69%和38.14%,嗾损主要来源都是生物质快速热解子系统和能量回收利用子系统。为考察生物质快速热解提质制取液体燃料系统的经济性能,本文对PY-USE、PY-CH以及生物质快速热解超临界乙醇提质制取液体燃料非联产系统(NCPY-USE)和生物质快速热解催化加氢制取液体燃料非联产系统(NCPY-CH)进行了技术经济评价。计算得到它们的投资费用分别为8.10亿元、4.95亿元、6.25亿元、3.75亿元,液体燃料生产成本分别为6052 ￥/t、5111 ￥/t、7741 ￥/t、6015 ￥/t。通过敏感性分析得到：对于PY-USE和NCPY-USE,影响液体燃料生产成本的主要因素是乙醇价格、生物油产率和催化剂消耗量；对于PY-CH和NCPY-CH,影响液体燃料生产成本的主要因素是生物油产率、液体燃料产率和生物质价格。最后,在嗾分析和经济性能分析的基础上,本文利用炯经济学结构理论建立了PY-USE的嗾经济学模型,对系统中各组件产品单位嗾成本和单位嗾经济学成本进行分解以分析其组成,并且用排放物嗾值和排放物环境损害成本分别对系统环境影响进行量化,以环境成本的形式将环境因素引入嗾经济学模型,建立起PY-USE的环境嗾经济学模型。所得主要结果为：沿生产过程进行的方向,系统中物流单位嗾成本和单位嗾经济学成本均逐渐递增;计算得到液体燃料、氢气和电单位炯成本分别为1.6119 kJ/kJ、2.8566 kJ/kJ和5.4214 kJ/kJ,单位嗾经济学成本分别为147.4 ￥/kJ、180.0 ￥/kJ和370.0 ￥/kJ；将系统中各组件产品单位嗾成本分解成燃料成本和嗾损成本,单位嗾经济学成本则分解成燃料成本、嗾损成本和投资成本,单位嗾成本和单位嗾经济学成本中嗾损成本的大小都能够反应出组件嗾效率的高低,而单位嗾经济学成本中投资成本的大小能反映出组件经济成本投入的多少；考虑环境成本后,环境嗾经济学模型计算得到的系统中物流单位嗾成本和单位嗾经济学成本均增加,液体燃料、氢气和电单位嗾成本分别增加了0.39%、0.77%和1.17%,单位嗾经济学成本分别增加了0.20%、0.67%和1%。
[Abstract]:Energy crisis and environmental pollution are the double pressure that human society is facing. Biomass is the only renewable energy which can be converted into liquid fuel directly. The active development of biomass making liquid fuel technology is important to ensure our energy security and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The liquid fuel system is the research object, and the system is analyzed and evaluated from three aspects of energy, economy and environment. First, this paper constructs a 500 ton / natural material fast pyrolysis supercritical ethanol extraction liquid fuel system (PY-USE) and biomass fast pyrolysis catalytic hydrogenation process for liquid fuel system (PY-CH), based on Aspen P LUS has established their process simulation model. The thermodynamic parameters (mass flow, heat flow, power consumption, chemical composition and concentration, enthalpy, entropy, etc.) are the basis of the system analysis. Then, this paper analyzes the PY-USE and PY-CH, and uses the thermodynamic parameters obtained by the simulation to calculate the physical distribution of the logistics. The whole system is divided into pre processing, biomass fast pyrolysis, bio oil quality and energy recovery and utilization of the four subsystems. The detailed analysis and efficiency calculation are carried out. The results show that the key to reduce the loss of the pre processing subsystem is to reduce the heat consumption in the drying process; fast pyrolysis of biomass. It is mainly caused by the pyrolysis reactor and the combustion process of coke and uncondensable gas. The efficiency of the biomass fast pyrolysis subsystem is 69.12% when all the products are regarded as the exergy, and the loss amount of the bio oil upgrading subsystem of PY-USE is obviously higher than that of the PY-CH, which is due to the heat consumption ratio of the bio oil supercritical ethanol. The efficiency of PY-USE and PY-CH is 88.37% and 89.94% respectively. The efficiency of the heat transfer system can be further improved, the efficiency of the energy recovery subsystem is 43.91%, and the discharge loss of the furnace is much greater than that of the steam turbine; from the point of view of the whole system, PY-USE and PY The efficiency of -CH is 48.69% and 38.14% respectively. The main sources of the loss are the biomass fast pyrolysis subsystem and the energy recovery subsystem. In order to investigate the economic performance of the liquid fuel system for rapid pyrolysis of biomass, the non co production of liquid fuel from PY-USE, PY-CH and biomass fast pyrolysis of supercritical ethanol is used in this paper. The technical and economic evaluation of the system (NCPY-USE) and the non co production system of liquid fuel by rapid pyrolysis of biomass (NCPY-CH) was evaluated. The cost of their investment was 810 million yuan, 495 million yuan, 625 million yuan, 375 million yuan respectively. The production cost of liquid fuel was 6052 RMB /t, 5111 RMB /t, 7741 RMB /t, and 6015 yuan /t. through sensitivity. For PY-USE and NCPY-USE, the main factors affecting the production cost of liquid fuel are the price of ethanol, the yield of bio oil and the consumption of catalyst. For PY-CH and NCPY-CH, the main factors affecting the production cost of liquid fuel are the yield of bio oil, the yield of liquid fuel and the price of biomass. Finally, the analysis and economic performance of the fuel production are analyzed and the economic performance. On the basis of the analysis, the economic model of PY-USE is established by using the theory of Jiong economic structure. The cost of the unit product unit and the cost of the unit are decomposed to analyze its composition, and the environmental impact of the system is quantified with the emission value and the environmental damage cost of the emission. The main result is that in the direction of the production process, the cost of the logistics unit and the economic cost of the unit are increasing gradually; the cost of the liquid fuel is 1.6119 kJ/kJ, and the cost of the hydrogen and electricity unit is 1.6119, 2., respectively. 8566 kJ/kJ and 5.4214 kJ/kJ, the cost of unit economics is 147.4 RMB /kJ, 180 RMB and 370 RMB /kJ, and the cost of the unit product unit is decomposed into fuel cost and cost loss. The size of the cost can reflect the efficiency of the component, and the cost of the investment in the economic cost of the unit can reflect the cost of the cost of the component. The cost of liquid fuels, hydrogen and electricity units increased by 0.39%, 0.77% and 1.17% respectively, and the unit cost of economics increased by 0.20%, 0.67% and 1%. respectively.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TK6

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