Ecological Risk Perception in Zambia: Towards a Method for I
发布时间：2022-11-12 13:59
生态风险是指种群,生态系统或整个景观的正常功能遭到外部压力或胁迫因子的威胁,这种威胁在目前或将来可能会削弱生态系统健康,生产力,遗传结构,经济价值或美学价值。越来越多的文献提供的统计资料,描述了我们人类的行为如何导致了自然生态系统的危机。生物多样性减少及其他宏观生态风险是几百年来人类社会发展变化的产物。生态风险是人类社会造成的,风险分析需要关注的不仅是自然的环境进程,而且应包括社会,经济,文化和政治等各方面,以便为环境管理提供更多的思路。 赞比亚的环境状况的确在公众生活中起重要的影响作用。本论文把对该问题的分析带进了公众视野。本研究调查了赞比亚公众对生态风险的认识和在生态风险管理方面的参与状况。本研究的目的是要阐明公众对生态风险的感知,及其在环境风险分析和制定决策过程中的参与情况。 本文构建了一个结构程式模型（structural equation model, SEM）,用以测试风险管理当中生态风险感知,生态敏感性,生态屏障,生态风险意识,生态自我效能和风险管理偏好的关系。该模型利用极大似然算法（maximum likelihood procedures）检验了生...
【文章页数】：217 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
Abstract
摘要
List of Tables
List of Figures
1.0 CHAPTER ONE:INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Evaluating ecological impacts:A conceptual Framework
1.3 A typology of consequences of ecological change
1.4 Statement of a problem
1.5 Aims
1.6 Specific Objectives
1.7 Research Questions
1.8 Research Hypotheses
1.9 Justification of the study
1.10 Research theoretical Framework
1.11 Conceptual framework for the model
1.12 Definition of terms
1.12.1 Ecological risk
1.12.2 Appropriate environmental citizenship
1.12.3 Environmental awareness
1.12.4 Environmental attitudes
1.12.5 Ecological perceived self-efficacy toward action
1.12.6 Ecological Barriers
1.12.7 Socio-demographic variables
1.13 Structure of the Dissertation
2.0 CHAPTER TWO:LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Risk
2.2 Risk perception
2.3 Nature and Economic Development
2.4 Social process of ecological risk
2.5 Psychometric Paradigm and risk perception
2.6 Ecological risks, Global population growth and urbanization
2.7 Ecological risks, population and development
2.8 Ecological risks, land use and land cover change
2.9 Ecological risks, Agriculture and pasture
2.10 Ecological risks and consumption
2.11 Ecological risks and globalization
2.12 Sustainable transition or collapse
2.13 Environment and emission standards
2.14 Earth's Self-Regeneration Capacity
2.14.1 Mathematical models to explain earth's self-regeneration
2.14.2 Ecological problems with positive feedback
2.14.3 Mathematical model equations
2.14.4 Application of mathematical models to global warming
2.15 Production, consumption and standards
2.16 Carbon and atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions
2.17 Environmental awareness and education
2.18 Ecological risk studies
2.19 Characteristics of good ecological attributes
2.20 Describing Ecological Hazards
2.21 Description of study area
2.21.1 Location and climate characteristics
2.21.2 Biodiversity and climate change
2.21.3 Agriculture and climate change
2.21.4 Deforestation
3.0 CHAPTER THREE:METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research design
3.2 Samples and data collection
3.3 Participants
3.4 Development of data collection instruments
3.4.1 Selection of Ecological risk items
3.5 Characterization the constructs used in the study
3.6 Validity and reliability of the instrument
3.7 Design of the questionnaire
3.8 Data entry
3.9 Data analysis
3.10 Statistical analysis
3.10.1 Descriptive statistics
3.10.2 Variable measurement
3.10.3 Exploratory factor analysis
3.10.4 Structural Equation Modeling
3.11 Model of environmental knowledge and awareness
4.0 CHAPTER FOUR:RESULTS
4.1 Demographic characteristics
4.2 Zambians perceived Ecological risks
4.3 General ecological risk concerns
4.4 Ecological risks to human health
4.5 Ecological risks to the environment
4.6 Ecological risks to economic development
4.7 Public Participation and preferences of environmental Risk management
4.7.1 Recourse recovery and waste management
4.7.2 Energy and water conservation
4.7.3 Transportation and air quality control
4.7.4 Natural recourses management
4.7.5 Social or political actions
4.8 Actions and decisions taken for environmental reasons
4.9 Personal responsibility Vs responsibility of the biggest polluter
4.10 Actions and decisions seen as priorities for citizens
4.11 Intentions and decisions Vs Action:Green consumption
4.12 Linking Public Participation to payment for Ecosystem services
4.12.1 Direct benefits to capacity building and decision making
4.12.2 Indirect benefits to capacity building and decision making
4.12.3 Local watershed landowners and decision making
4.12.4 Government ministries
4.12.5 Environmental education strategies and decision making
4.13 Appropriate environmental support and socio-demographic Characteristics
4.14 Relationships among barrier, perceived self-efficacy and Environmental attitude
4.15 Integrated model that determines appropriate environmental Action
4.16 Environmental risk experience
4.16.1 Ecological risk knowledge
4.16.2 Ecological risk personal experience
4.17 Comparisons of environmental concern for each cluster group
4.18 Testing the Structural Equation Model
4.18.1 Preliminary data analysis and data preparation
4.18.2 Running the structural model
4.19 Statistical analysis to explain environmental relationships
4.19.1 Influence of perceived risks of ecological degradation Factors on awareness
4.19.2 Influence of perceived ecological degradation factor On attitude
4.19.3 Influence of attitude and awareness on ecological Risk management
4.19.4 Influence of barrier on attitudes toward environmental Conservation
4.19.5 Influence of perceived risks of ecological degradation Factor on awareness for males
4.19.6 Influence of perceived environmental degradation Factors on attitude
4.19.7 Influence of attitude and awareness on ecological risk Management
4.19.8 Influence of barriers on attitudes toward environmental Conservation
4.20 Zambian images of global warming
4.21 Zambians global warming risk perceptions
4.22 Respondents' awareness of global warming
4.23 Respondents' attitude toward the environment
4.24 Respondents' environmental self-efficacy
4.25 Respondents' environmental behavior
4.26 Respondents' susceptibility to environmental problems
4.27 Respondents' perceived severity factor
4.28 Respondents' perceived barrier factor
4.29 Respondents' perceived benefits
4.30 Statistical analysis to explain environmental relationships
4.30.1 Influence of perceived risks of environmental degradation Factors on awareness
4.30.2 Influence of perceived environmental degradation factors On attitude
4.30.3 Influence of attitude and awareness on behavior
4.30.4 Influence of barriers on attitude toward environmental Conservation
4.31 Ecological risks in China
4.31.1 Land use and land change dynamics 2000-2006 periods
4.31.2 Drought as an ecological hazard in China
4.32 Pollution from energy production in China
4.33 Environmental protection
5.0 CHAPTER FIVE:DISCUSSION
5.1 Awareness of the degradation of the environment
5.2 Ecological risk perception
5.3 Public preferences and support for environmental policy
5.4 Environmental knowledge and experience
5.5 Unequal exposure to ecological hazards
5.6 Relationships among a set of environmental beliefs and awareness Of, and attitudes towards environmental conservation
5.7 Socio-demographic variables
6.0 CHAPTER SIX:CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 Conclusion
6.2 Recommendations
Acknowledgements
References
Appendix
Publications
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]崩溃：社会是如何选择成功或失败的[J]. ＜Author＞. 世界环境. 2005(05)
本文编号：3706498
【文章页数】：217 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
Abstract
摘要
List of Tables
List of Figures
1.0 CHAPTER ONE:INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Evaluating ecological impacts:A conceptual Framework
1.3 A typology of consequences of ecological change
1.4 Statement of a problem
1.5 Aims
1.6 Specific Objectives
1.7 Research Questions
1.8 Research Hypotheses
1.9 Justification of the study
1.10 Research theoretical Framework
1.11 Conceptual framework for the model
1.12 Definition of terms
1.12.1 Ecological risk
1.12.2 Appropriate environmental citizenship
1.12.3 Environmental awareness
1.12.4 Environmental attitudes
1.12.5 Ecological perceived self-efficacy toward action
1.12.6 Ecological Barriers
1.12.7 Socio-demographic variables
1.13 Structure of the Dissertation
2.0 CHAPTER TWO:LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Risk
2.2 Risk perception
2.3 Nature and Economic Development
2.4 Social process of ecological risk
2.5 Psychometric Paradigm and risk perception
2.6 Ecological risks, Global population growth and urbanization
2.7 Ecological risks, population and development
2.8 Ecological risks, land use and land cover change
2.9 Ecological risks, Agriculture and pasture
2.10 Ecological risks and consumption
2.11 Ecological risks and globalization
2.12 Sustainable transition or collapse
2.13 Environment and emission standards
2.14 Earth's Self-Regeneration Capacity
2.14.1 Mathematical models to explain earth's self-regeneration
2.14.2 Ecological problems with positive feedback
2.14.3 Mathematical model equations
2.14.4 Application of mathematical models to global warming
2.15 Production, consumption and standards
2.16 Carbon and atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions
2.17 Environmental awareness and education
2.18 Ecological risk studies
2.19 Characteristics of good ecological attributes
2.20 Describing Ecological Hazards
2.21 Description of study area
2.21.1 Location and climate characteristics
2.21.2 Biodiversity and climate change
2.21.3 Agriculture and climate change
2.21.4 Deforestation
3.0 CHAPTER THREE:METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research design
3.2 Samples and data collection
3.3 Participants
3.4 Development of data collection instruments
3.4.1 Selection of Ecological risk items
3.5 Characterization the constructs used in the study
3.6 Validity and reliability of the instrument
3.7 Design of the questionnaire
3.8 Data entry
3.9 Data analysis
3.10 Statistical analysis
3.10.1 Descriptive statistics
3.10.2 Variable measurement
3.10.3 Exploratory factor analysis
3.10.4 Structural Equation Modeling
3.11 Model of environmental knowledge and awareness
4.0 CHAPTER FOUR:RESULTS
4.1 Demographic characteristics
4.2 Zambians perceived Ecological risks
4.3 General ecological risk concerns
4.4 Ecological risks to human health
4.5 Ecological risks to the environment
4.6 Ecological risks to economic development
4.7 Public Participation and preferences of environmental Risk management
4.7.1 Recourse recovery and waste management
4.7.2 Energy and water conservation
4.7.3 Transportation and air quality control
4.7.4 Natural recourses management
4.7.5 Social or political actions
4.8 Actions and decisions taken for environmental reasons
4.9 Personal responsibility Vs responsibility of the biggest polluter
4.10 Actions and decisions seen as priorities for citizens
4.11 Intentions and decisions Vs Action:Green consumption
4.12 Linking Public Participation to payment for Ecosystem services
4.12.1 Direct benefits to capacity building and decision making
4.12.2 Indirect benefits to capacity building and decision making
4.12.3 Local watershed landowners and decision making
4.12.4 Government ministries
4.12.5 Environmental education strategies and decision making
4.13 Appropriate environmental support and socio-demographic Characteristics
4.14 Relationships among barrier, perceived self-efficacy and Environmental attitude
4.15 Integrated model that determines appropriate environmental Action
4.16 Environmental risk experience
4.16.1 Ecological risk knowledge
4.16.2 Ecological risk personal experience
4.17 Comparisons of environmental concern for each cluster group
4.18 Testing the Structural Equation Model
4.18.1 Preliminary data analysis and data preparation
4.18.2 Running the structural model
4.19 Statistical analysis to explain environmental relationships
4.19.1 Influence of perceived risks of ecological degradation Factors on awareness
4.19.2 Influence of perceived ecological degradation factor On attitude
4.19.3 Influence of attitude and awareness on ecological Risk management
4.19.4 Influence of barrier on attitudes toward environmental Conservation
4.19.5 Influence of perceived risks of ecological degradation Factor on awareness for males
4.19.6 Influence of perceived environmental degradation Factors on attitude
4.19.7 Influence of attitude and awareness on ecological risk Management
4.19.8 Influence of barriers on attitudes toward environmental Conservation
4.20 Zambian images of global warming
4.21 Zambians global warming risk perceptions
4.22 Respondents' awareness of global warming
4.23 Respondents' attitude toward the environment
4.24 Respondents' environmental self-efficacy
4.25 Respondents' environmental behavior
4.26 Respondents' susceptibility to environmental problems
4.27 Respondents' perceived severity factor
4.28 Respondents' perceived barrier factor
4.29 Respondents' perceived benefits
4.30 Statistical analysis to explain environmental relationships
4.30.1 Influence of perceived risks of environmental degradation Factors on awareness
4.30.2 Influence of perceived environmental degradation factors On attitude
4.30.3 Influence of attitude and awareness on behavior
4.30.4 Influence of barriers on attitude toward environmental Conservation
4.31 Ecological risks in China
4.31.1 Land use and land change dynamics 2000-2006 periods
4.31.2 Drought as an ecological hazard in China
4.32 Pollution from energy production in China
4.33 Environmental protection
5.0 CHAPTER FIVE:DISCUSSION
5.1 Awareness of the degradation of the environment
5.2 Ecological risk perception
5.3 Public preferences and support for environmental policy
5.4 Environmental knowledge and experience
5.5 Unequal exposure to ecological hazards
5.6 Relationships among a set of environmental beliefs and awareness Of, and attitudes towards environmental conservation
5.7 Socio-demographic variables
6.0 CHAPTER SIX:CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 Conclusion
6.2 Recommendations
Acknowledgements
References
Appendix
Publications
【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]崩溃：社会是如何选择成功或失败的[J]. ＜Author＞. 世界环境. 2005(05)
本文编号：3706498
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