广州市白云区城乡结合区域6-8岁儿童口腔健康状况调查分析

  本文关键词：广州市白云区城乡结合区域6-8岁儿童口腔健康状况调查分析，，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

        研究背景龋病是影响儿童健康的主要疾病之一,世界卫生组织已将龋病列为3个重点防治疾病之一。我国第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查结果显示,5岁儿童乳牙患龋率为66%,有96.7%的龋齿未经治疗,12岁儿童恒牙患龋率为28.9%,有88.8%的龋齿未经治疗,表明我国儿童乳牙患龋率较高,龋病充填率较低。6-8岁儿童处于乳恒牙交替期,大部分儿童的第一恒磨牙已经萌出,近年来我国在全国范围内开展窝沟封闭防龋公共卫生项目,“免费窝沟封闭项目”被列为广州市重大公共卫生项目,同时乳牙龋病是恒牙龋患的危险因素。同时口腔健康知识、口腔健康行为、口腔卫生状况、饮食因素、微生物因素、心理因素、社会文化因素和卫生服务利用等因素均与龋病有关,其中口腔卫生是最重要的口腔疾病防治方面的因素,口腔健康依赖于一个人的态度。几项研究揭示的口腔健康态度和行为直接关系儿童口腔健康状况和龋病的发生,足够的口腔健康知识能够大大降低儿童龋病患病率。因此在儿童中加强口腔卫生知识宣教,定期拜访牙医,给予窝沟封闭及氟保护剂等防龋治疗,不仅可以使儿童从小养成良好的生活习惯,提高健商,降低乳牙患龋的发生,而且有助于恒牙健康萌出,对降低恒牙患龋率亦有重要意义。研究目的1总目标通过对广州市白云区城乡结合区域6-8岁儿童口腔健康状况及其预防现况调查,分析学校、家庭、牙科防治服务提供等因素对患龋率、充填率的影响,发现存在的问题和薄弱环节,提出进一步加强牙科防治服务与管理的对策措施。2具体目标调查广州市白云区城乡结合区域二年级儿童的患龋率、充填率,通过由学生及家长填写问卷的形式了解学生的日常饮食习惯、口腔卫生习惯、家庭情况等,探讨影响儿童龋齿防治工作的因素并加以分析,从而提出进一步改进儿童龋齿防治工作的建议和措施。材料与方法1样本量确定根据公式n=K*Q/P推算,n为受检人数,P为预期阳性率,Q=1-P,K值是根据研究项目的允许误差大小而决定,当允许误差为10%时,K=400,当允许误差为15%时,K=178,当允许误差为20%时,K=100,结合《第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查》广东省5岁童患龋率为60%,允许误差为10%,得到样本量为267。2抽样方法：采用整群、系统抽样的方法。首先在广州市白云区城乡结合区域小学个数共分为45个群。对这些群进行简单随机抽样共抽取20所小学,选取2年级小学生按照学号进行系统抽样。调查结果去除无效样本量后,选取6-8岁年龄段进行分析。内容包括姓名,性别,出生年月日等一般情况,专业调查项目有患龋情况,龋齿充填情况及第一恒磨牙萌出及患龋情况。3口腔检查检查内容以“第三次全国口腔健康调查表”为基础,根据本次需要调整有关内容并记录龋病患病情况,诊断标准依据世界卫生组织龋齿的诊断标准,在自然光源下,以视诊结合探诊的方式进行。检查器械包括口镜和CPI探针。4问卷调查以《第三次全国口腔健康调查问卷》为基础依据本次调查需要设计问卷并在班级向家长统一发放,在填写调查问卷之前,家长需阅读知情同意书并自愿签字。问卷调查内容共6类,包括：①社会人口学资料：性别、年龄、身高、体重、独生子女与否、父母的职业及年龄等。②生长发育情况：孕期母体情况、是否是早产儿、是否是低体重几等。③饮食习惯：婴幼儿小于6个月时的主要喂养食品,哺乳持续时间,入睡时是否含着奶嘴,是否吃零食,吃零食的时间等。④口腔保健：刷牙情况(开始刷牙的年龄、每天刷牙次数、通常使用的牙膏),饭后漱口情况,就诊的情况(是否接受过口腔预防措施)等。⑤父母受教育程度。⑥家庭情况：家庭收入,孩子是否长期缺乏父母临护,家长口腔健康知识的知晓程度等。结果1175名6-8岁儿童乳牙患龋率为75.6%,乳牙龋均为3.66；第一恒磨牙萌出率为88.5%,第一恒磨牙患龋率为14.4%,随着年龄增长第一恒磨牙患龋率明显升高。调查结果表明,是否独生子、是否早产儿、几岁停用奶瓶喝奶或糖水、日常生活由谁照顾、是否喝牛奶酸奶或奶粉、是否嚼口香糖、几岁开始刷牙、每天刷几次牙、家长是否帮助孩子刷牙、是否使用含氟牙膏、牙刷使用多长时间更换、家长认为含氟牙膏对牙齿的影响、是否看过牙、孩子的性格、孩子睡觉是否张口呼吸、孩子是否是被动吸烟者、家长刷牙方式及刷牙时间长短、家长教育程度及职业与龋病关系无统计学差异(p>0.10)。年龄,开始刷牙年龄,刷牙方式,家庭年收入,喂养方式,睡前吃零食,是否喝可乐为可能的影响因素(P<0.10)。结论广州市白云区城乡结合区域儿童患龋率高于全国平均水平,第一恒磨牙的患龋率提示应提早做好龋齿预防措施,7岁是开展社区窝沟封闭项目的最佳年龄。年龄,开始刷牙的年龄,刷牙的方式,家庭收入,喂养方式,睡前吃零食,是否喝可乐为可能的影响因素。儿童龋病是可以治疗和预防的,针对该地区龋病的流行状况,建议政府相关部门对本地区的龋病流行病学进行大规模调查分析,有针对性地实施政府干预措施。

    BackgroundDental caries is a very common oral diseases and one of the main diseases of affecting the health of children, e World Health Organization considers caries as one of the major diseases cardiovascular diseases, cancer, dental caries) of human kind. The third national oral health Epidemiological investigation shows that the prevalence of primary tooth in5-year-old is66%,96.7%are untreated caries. Prevalence of permanent tooth in12-year-old is28.9%,88.8%are untreated caries, which indicate high percentage of caries and low percentage of treated caries. Children between6-8with mixed dentition and prevalence of primary tooth caries is decreasing because of the losing of primary tooth. Though prevalence of permanent tooth is relatively low, but it will increase as the child grows. Primary tooth caries is the risk factor of permanent tooth caries. It’s important to educate those children and their parents with oral health knowledge and provide sealant or fluoride.ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of caries in children aged6-8in urban and rural areas in Guangzhou Baiyun District and analysis disease-related factors for the prevention and treatment of caries in this area.Materials and Methodologies:According to n=K*Q/P and the survey of the third national oral health epidemiology, total of267second grade students of6-8years old from5-8primary schools and surveying their oral health and caries and personal basic situation, behavior habit, oral health knowledge of parents, as well as analysis statistical data.Results1. In the oral checks of all children, the caries prevalence rate of primary tooth is88.5%, prevalence rate of first molar is14.4%, as the age increases, the caries prevalence rate of first molar is upward trend.2. The statistical test:Children who drinking soda frequently, breeding methods within4month after born and so on is the important factors of the caries incidence (p<0.10). There are not significant difference among whether or not parents suffering caries, family income and parents educational level and so on (p>0.10).Conclusions1. Caries rate of children in Guangzhou Baiyun Rural-Urban Fringe is88.5%. Because parents have a misunderstanding that sooner or later the permanent teeth will replace the primary teeth which lead to low filling rate of primary tooth caries.2. The results show that caries can be treated and prevented and relevant government department should be advised to take epidemiological investigation of caries in their region and provide free oral health education to parents and children.

        广州市白云区城乡结合区域6-8岁儿童口腔健康状况调查分析

摘要3-7ABSTRACT7-8前言11-13第一章 广州市白云区城乡结合区域6-8岁儿童第一恒磨牙萌出及患龋状况调查分析13-18    1.1 材料与方法13-14    1.2 结果14-16    1.3 讨论16-17    1.4 参考文献17-18第二章 广州市白云区城乡结合区域6-8岁儿童乳牙患龋情况调查分析18-23    2.1 材料与方法18-19    2.2 结果19-21    2.3 讨论21-22    2.4 参考文献22-23第三章 广州市白云区城乡结合区域6-8岁儿童龋病相关因素调查分析23-44    3.1 材料和方法24-26    3.2 结果26-38    3.3 讨论38-43    3.4 参考文献43-44全文总结44-45综述45-52成果52-53附录53-60致谢60-62统计学审稿证明62

  本文关键词：广州市白云区城乡结合区域6-8岁儿童口腔健康状况调查分析，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。