莎士比亚四大悲剧和十四行诗中的人性哲学

发布时间：2023-05-13 01:23

　　在世界文学史上,莎士比亚的《十四行诗》是经得起历史考验的。在文艺复兴时期,就当时的艺术高度来说,它把真善美统一起来了。它不是平庸地摩写文艺复兴时期英国社会生活,而是以其优美的形式与高度的技巧,艺术地概括了真实的社会生活。它的激动人、感染人的艺术魅力引起人的美感,给人以美的享受。它的真正生命力体现在它将人性中美好的东西,即真、善、美有机的统一起来。 如同十四行诗一样,莎士比亚四大悲剧最重要、最进步的思想内容就是对人性中阴暗一面即假、恶、丑的暴露与批判。随着他对社会本质的进一步认识,从而对人性、对人的内心世界有了更深刻的理解。他还看到人性并非十全十美,它包括野心、贪婪、情欲等各种罪恶成分,只要条件许可,他们就可能恶性膨胀起来,把人自身毁灭掉,麦克白走的就是这条路。更可贵的是人性并非先天决定的,也并非一成不变的,权利和地位可使人丧失人性、丧失自我,痛苦的遭遇又会把人性中美好的东西唤醒,比如李尔王。 在四大悲剧中,莎士比亚对人性全面深刻的认识,使他的悲剧能向我们展示广阔的人生,在这里我们可以听到强者的咆哮、弱者的呻吟、胜利者的欢笑、失败者的哀鸣。我们可以看到,有的人斗争是为了正...

【文章页数】：63 页

【学位级别】：硕士

【文章目录】：
摘要
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The Development of Human Nature in Shakespeare's Times
    2.1 On Literature
    2.2 On Art
    2.3 The Criticism on Scholasticism
    2.4 On Politics
    2.5 On the Development of Modern History
    2.6 On Education
        2.6.1 New-style schools set up
        2.6.2 The features of new-style school education
    2.7 On Morality
        2.7.1 Individual outlook on values
        2.7.2 Individual outlook of happiness
        2.7.3 On the equality between men and women
3 Human Nature in the Four Great Tragedies and Sonnets
    3.1 On Ethics
    3.2 On Humanistic Ideology
    3.3 On the Attitudes Towards Society
    3.4 On the Defects on Personality That Cause Tragedy
        3.4.1 Hamlet—the tragedy caused by indecisiveness
        3.4.2 Othello—tragedy caused suspicion and jealousy
        3.4.3 Macbeth—a tragedy by desire for power and careerism
        3.4.4 King Lear—the tragedy caused by arbitrariness
    3.5 Sonnets—the Combination of Truth, Kindness and Fairness
4 Shakespeare's Eventual Dialectical Attitude Towards Human Nature
5 Evaluation: Merits and Limitations
6 Conclusion
7 Notes
8 Bibliography
The articles were published during reading for master's degree
Acknowledgements



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