伊拉克和中国耕作技术和政策对小麦生产影响的比较研究

发布时间：2021-09-22 09:30

　　农业部门是伊拉克最重要的经济部门,但由于农民错误做法和政府政策导致的市场破坏,使得农业部门遭受生产力低效的困扰。小麦是伊拉克最重要的战略作物,因此本文选择小麦作为研究对象。除了以伊拉克为研究对象,本文还研究了中国小麦耕作技术和市场政策,以便对两国进行比较分析。小麦耕作技术的数据是通过采访两个国家的600户家庭收集的,而关于市场价格政策分析的数据来源于两个地区官方机构发布。本文通过跨部门,采用随机边界模型和策略分析矩阵（PAM）分别分析技术效率和市场价格政策,得出以下结论:i)与采用免耕技术的中国研究区相比,伊拉克采用了传统耕作技术的研究区生产力较低。ii)由于伊拉克研究区农户不了解科学灌溉方法,灌溉对小麦作物的产量贡献不大。而中国研究区域的灌溉弹性为正,反映了灌溉对小麦生产力具有积极影响。iii)在伊拉克和中国研究地区,每公顷的人工劳动小时系数显着为正。iv)在两个研究区域中,都过度使用了机械、种子和肥料进行小麦生产,这对小麦产量造成了负面影响。v)尽管使用了大量除草剂用于控制杂草生长,但免耕技术要求大量除草剂才能控制杂草生长,所以植物保护和杂草控制的弹性明显为负。vi)伊拉克瓦西特省... 

【文章来源】：中国农业科学院北京市

【文章页数】：89 页

【学位级别】：博士

【文章目录】：
摘要
abstract
CHAPTER1 -INTRODUCTION
    1.1 BACKGROUND
    1.2 WHEAT PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
    1.3 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
    1.4 OBJECTIVES
CHAPTER2-LITERATURE REVIEW
    2.1 ADOPTION OF AGRICULTURAL INNOVATIONS
    2.2 ZERO TILLAGE DEFINITION
    2.3 ZERO TILLAGE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION PROCESS
        2.3.1 Economic Comparison of Zero Tillage And Conventional Tillage
        2.3.2 Environmental Efficiency of Zero Tillage and Conventional Tillage
        2.3.3 Zero Tillage in Iraq
        2.3.4 Zero Tillage in China
    2.4 MARKET POLICY
        2.4.1 Market Policy in Iraq
        2.4.2 Chinese Market Policy
    2.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER3-MATERIALS AND METHODS
    3.1 CROSS-SECTIONAL,STOCHASTIC FRONTIER MODELS
    3.2 THE STUDIES AREAS SELECTION
        3.2.1 The study area of Iraq state
        3.2.2 The study area of China
        3.2.3 Selection procedure and sample size
        3.2.4 Questionnaire Development
    3.3 AGRICULTURE POLICY MATRIX ANALYSIS
        3.3.1 Coefficient Indicators
        3.3.2 Relative Efficiency Indicators
        3.3.3 Iraqi Data collection of Policy Matrix Analysis
        3.3.4 Chinese Data collection of Policy Matrix Analysis
CHAPTER4 -PART Ⅰ HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS
    4.1 HOUSEHOLD DEMOGRAPHY
        4.1.1 The household size of farmers
        4.1.2 Gender and age of the farmers
        4.1.3 Educational status of the farmers
    4.2 WHEAT CULTIVATION AREA
        4.2.1 Cultivation Area size
        4.2.2 Source of wheat price
    4.3 SEED VARIETY USE
        4.3.1 Seed Varieties used in Wasit province
    4.4 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER4 -PART Ⅱ TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY
    4.5 TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS
        4.5.1 Wheat Production Statistics
        4.5.2 Maximum Likelihood Estimates of Stochastic Frontier Production Model
        4.5.3 Technical Efficiency Scores of the Farmers by Farm Size Categories across Cropping Zones
        4.5.4 Conclusion
CHAPTER5-AGRICULTURE POLICY ANALYSIS MATRIX(PAM)
    5.1 COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE AND MARKET DISTORTIONS:A POLICY ANALYSIS MATRIX FOR IRAQI WHEAT CROP PRODUCTION
        5.1.1 The Coefficients Measure
        5.1.2 The Comparative Advantage Measure
        5.1.3 The Policy Reflection Index/Market Distortions
    5.2 CONCLUSIONS
    5.3 COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE AND MARKET DISTORTIONS:A POLICY ANALYSIS MATRIX FOR CHINA WHEAT CROP PRODUCTION
        5.2.1.The Coefficients Measure
        5.2.2 The Comparative Advantage Measure
        5.2.3 The Policy Reflection Index/Market Distortions
        5.2.4 Conclusion
CHAPTER6-CONCLUSIONS& RECOMMENDATIONS
    6.1 CONCLUSION OF THE LITRITURE REVIEW
    6.2 Conclusion of The Production Efficiency
    6.3 Conclusion of Production Policy
        6.3.1 Conclusion of production policy in Iraq2017
        6.3.2 Conclusion of production policy in China2017
    6.4 RECOMMENDATIONS
REFERENCES
APPENDIXES
Acknowledgements
CURRICULUM VITAE



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