组织政治氛围对组织创新和组织绩效的影响及其作用机制研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 20:42

本文选题：组织政治氛围 + 组织创新　；参考：《山东大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：组织政治氛围(organizational political climate)指组织成员对组织内发生自利且缺乏组织认可的行为的共同感知(sharedperceptions)。组织政治氛围越浓厚,说明企业中发生自利且缺乏组织认可的行为的程度越高。作为与组织政治(organizational politics)密切相关的特定组织氛围(focused/facet-specific climate),组织政治氛围被以往学者划归为一种消极氛围。在一些学者看来,相较于积极组织氛围(例如创新氛围)对组织结果产生的正向作用,包括组织政治氛围在内的消极组织氛围所产生的负面影响可能更为显著而深远。因此,深入理解组织政治氛围的本质和影响机制等问题,有利于指导企业预防或应对组织政治氛围可能带来的不良影响。在我国,人际交往重视"关系"和"人情",社会中的官僚色彩仍较为浓重。相应地,我国企业管理者在决策上容易存在"人治主义"和"偏私主义"的倾向。这些社会文化与管理方式上的特点,可能更容易为政治氛围的生成提供先天土壤。这进一步表明,加强组织政治氛围相关研究,对我国企业管理实践来说具有相当的必要性和指导意义。遗憾的是,尽管组织政治和组织氛围是组织管理研究的两个重要领域,但作为二者交叉课题的组织政治氛围研究却仍处于起步阶段,相关文献十分有限。其中,将组织政治氛围作为主要解释变量的实证研究更为匮乏。此外,现有研究聚焦于组织政治氛围对个体态度或行为的影响,缺乏对组织政治氛围与公司层变量之间关系的探索。组织创新和组织绩效一直是学界和实践界重点关注的企业结果变量。以往诸多研究对二者的影响因素进行过探索,并取得丰富结论。但是,过往研究多从积极角度分析提高组织创新和组织绩效的前因变量,忽略了对消极影响因素的重视。虽然组织政治氛围被一些学者划归为消极氛围,但它是否确实会对组织创新及组织绩效都带来不良影响,尚缺乏实证上的检验和支持。鉴于上述分析,为弥补研究薄弱环节,本研究从知识基础观和社会交换理论出发,探究组织政治氛围对组织创新和组织绩效的影响,并分析相关作用机理。具体来说,讨论以下几个问题:首先,组织政治氛围对组织创新和组织绩效分别会产生何种影响。需要指出的是,本研究中采用组织创新的双元模型定义,将组织创新分为技术创新(technologicalinnovation)和管理创新(administrativeinnovation)两类1。其次,组织政治氛围通过何种中介机制影响组织创新和组织绩效。根据文献回顾和理论演绎,将具体探讨共享愿景和知识分享的中介作用。第三,组织政治氛围与组织创新、组织绩效之间的关系是否会受到情境因素的影响,即环境竞争性是否在组织政治氛围影响组织创新和组织绩效的过程中起着调节作用。为检验与上述问题相关的研究假设,采用问卷调查方法对我国多个省市的企业进行了随机调研。问卷由企业高层高层管理者(不包含CEO)进行填答,最终获得包含235家企业相关数据的有效样本,样本企业在年龄、规模、行业分布和性质等方面都具有一定的广泛性。实证检验结果显示:1.组织政治氛围会对技术创新和管理创新两类组织创新以及组织绩效都产生显著的消极影响,同时会给共享愿景和知识分享也都带来直接的负面作用。这一结果说明组织政治氛围确实会对企业产生广泛而深远的影响,同时为政治氛围是一种消极氛围的论点提供了经验证据。2.共享愿景和知识分享在组织政治氛围影响组织创新和组织绩效的过程中起着中介作用。具体结论包括:(1)知识分享在组织政治氛围和技术创新之间,组织政治氛围与管理创新之间,以及组织政治氛围与组织绩效之间均起着中介作用,——即组织政治氛围首先会削弱企业内部的知识分享水平,进而对组织创新和组织绩效带来负面影响。(2)组织政治氛围除了会直接影响知识分享,还会通过共享愿景影响知识分享,即共享愿景在组织政治氛围和知识分享之间起着部分中介作用。组织政治氛围会通过损害组织成员之间的共享愿景给企业内部的知识分享带来消极作用。(3)组织政治氛围会依次通过共享愿景和知识分享影响到企业的组织创新(技术创新和管理创新)与组织绩效。上述这些结论揭示了组织政治氛围影响组织创新和组织绩效的作用"黑箱",强调企业要想提高创新水平、获得良好绩效,必须充分重视知识资源在企业内部的分享。同时说明,企业内部的知识分享情况与企业成员之间能否形成共同的愿景密切相关。而要想通过共享愿景加强知识分享,首先要求企业营造良好的工作氛围,包括避免形成浓厚的组织政治氛围。3.环境竞争性在组织政治氛围影响组织创新和组织绩效的过程中起着调节作用。具体来说,环境竞争性越高,知识分享对组织创新和组织绩效的促进作用越明显。这一结果有助于了解组织政治氛围的作用边界,凸显了知识分享在帮助企业应对激烈竞争环境时的重要作用。4.此外,尽管未在假设中提及,但考虑到以往研究中将组织创新视作组织绩效的重要影响因素,本研究在实证部分附加检验了组织创新和组织绩效之间的关系。结果发现,技术创新和管理创新都对组织绩效具有显著的正向作用,但二者交互项与组织绩效呈负相关关系。这一实证结果有利于帮助我们深入了解中国情境下技术创新和管理创新在企业中发挥的实际效果。综上所述,本研究证实了组织政治氛围在企业经营发展过程中会对组织创新和组织绩效产生消极影响,并且揭示了相关作用机制,有助于加深对组织政治氛围影响过程和作用边界的理解。本文不仅丰富了组织政治氛围的相关研究,增强了研究薄弱环节,并且拓展了组织政治、组织氛围、组织绩效、组织创新等多个研究领域的相关文献。相关结论不仅为后续研究提供了一定的理论基础,也为管理者提供了实践启示和指导。
[Abstract]:The organizational political atmosphere (organizational political climate) refers to the common sense (sharedperceptions) that organizes members' self - interest and lack of organizational approval (sharedperceptions). The more political atmosphere in the organization, the higher the degree of self-interest and lack of organizational recognition in the enterprise. As an organization politics (organizational Polit) ICs) the closely related specific organizational climate (focused/facet-specific climate), the organizational political atmosphere has been classified as a negative atmosphere by the previous scholars. In the opinion of some scholars, the positive effect of the positive organization atmosphere (such as the atmosphere of innovation) on the results of the organization, including the negative organizational atmosphere, including the organizational political atmosphere, is produced. The negative influence may be more significant and far-reaching. Therefore, the deep understanding of the essence and the influence mechanism of the organization's political atmosphere will help guide the enterprises to prevent or cope with the adverse effects that the organizational political atmosphere may bring. In our country, the interpersonal relationship pays much attention to the "relationship" and "human feelings", and the bureaucratic color in the society is still strong. Accordingly, I The state enterprise managers tend to have the tendency of "rule of man" and "favoritism" in decision-making. The characteristics of these social culture and management ways may be more likely to provide the innate soil for the formation of the political atmosphere. This further indicates that it is necessary to strengthen the research on the organizational political atmosphere of the organization, which is quite necessary for the management practice of our country. It is regrettable that although organizational and organizational climate is the two important field of organizational management research, the research on organizational and political atmosphere of the two cross subjects is still in its infancy, and the relevant literature is very limited. The existing research focuses on the influence of organizational political atmosphere on individual attitude or behavior, and lacks the exploration of the relationship between organizational political atmosphere and corporate level variables. Organizational innovation and organizational performance have always been the result variables of the enterprise and the practice circles. The past many studies have explored the influence factors of the two, and made a lot of research. However, in the past, many studies have analyzed the antecedents of improving organizational innovation and organizational performance from a positive perspective and ignored the importance of negative impact factors. Although the organizational political atmosphere has been classified as a negative atmosphere by some scholars, it does not have a positive effect on organizational innovation and organizational performance. In view of the above analysis, in order to make up for the weak link of the research, this study, starting from the knowledge base view and social exchange theory, explores the influence of organizational political atmosphere on organizational innovation and organizational performance, and analyzes the related mechanism. In particular, the following questions are discussed: first, organizational political atmosphere is organized and organized for organizational innovation and organization. It is necessary to point out that the dual model definition of organizational innovation is adopted in this study, and organizational innovation is divided into two categories: technical innovation (technologicalinnovation) and management innovation (administrativeinnovation). What intermediary mechanism of organizational political atmosphere affects organizational innovation and organizational performance. According to the literature review and theoretical deduction, the intermediary role of shared vision and knowledge sharing will be discussed. Third, whether the relationship between organizational political atmosphere and organizational innovation and organizational performance will be influenced by situational factors, that is, whether environmental competitiveness is regulated in the process of organizational innovation and organizational performance in the organizational political atmosphere. In order to test the hypothesis related to the above problems, a questionnaire survey method was used to investigate the enterprises in many provinces and cities in China. The questionnaire was answered by the senior managers of the enterprises (not including CEO), and finally got the effective samples containing 235 enterprise related data. The sample enterprise was in age, scale, industry distribution and nature. The empirical results show that the 1. organizational political atmosphere has a significant negative impact on the organizational innovation and organizational performance of the two types of organizational innovation and management innovation, and will also bring a direct negative effect on the shared vision and knowledge sharing. This result shows that the organizational political atmosphere is true. It will have a broad and far-reaching impact on the enterprise, while providing empirical evidence of.2. sharing vision and knowledge sharing in the process of organizational innovation and organizational performance in the organizational political atmosphere. The specific conclusions include: (1) knowledge sharing in the organizational political atmosphere and technology creation. There is an intermediary role between organizational political atmosphere and management innovation, and between organizational political atmosphere and organizational performance. That is, organizational political atmosphere will weaken the level of knowledge sharing within the enterprise, and bring negative influence on organizational innovation and organizational performance. (2) organizational political atmosphere will affect the knowledge division directly. Sharing vision affects knowledge sharing, which means that shared vision plays a part of mediating role between organizational political atmosphere and knowledge sharing. The organizational political atmosphere will bring negative effects on knowledge sharing within the enterprise by damaging the shared vision among the members of the organization. (3) the organizational political atmosphere will be shared by the shared vision and knowledge in turn. Knowledge sharing affects organizational innovation (technological innovation and management innovation) and organizational performance. These conclusions reveal the role of "black box" in organizational and organizational innovation and organizational performance. It emphasizes that enterprises want to improve the level of innovation and achieve good performance, and must pay full attention to the sharing of knowledge resources within the enterprise. It shows that the knowledge sharing within the enterprise is closely related to the formation of a common vision between the members of the enterprise. In order to strengthen knowledge sharing through the shared vision, the enterprise should first be required to create a good working atmosphere, including avoiding the formation of a strong organizational and political atmosphere, and the.3. environment is competitive in organizational and political atmosphere that affects organizational innovation and innovation. The higher the organizational performance is, the more competitive the environment is, the more obvious the knowledge sharing promotes organizational innovation and organizational performance. This result helps to understand the role of organizational political atmosphere, and highlights the important role of knowledge sharing in helping enterprises to cope with the fierce competition environment.4.. It is not mentioned in the hypothesis, but considering the importance of organizational innovation as an important factor in organizational performance in previous studies, this study examines the relationship between organizational innovation and organizational performance in the empirical part. The results show that both technological innovation and management innovation have significant positive effects on organizational performance, but the interaction and group of the two parties and groups are significant. This empirical result helps us to understand the practical effects of technological innovation and management innovation in the enterprise in China. To sum up, this study confirms that organizational political atmosphere has a negative impact on organizational innovation and organizational performance in the process of business development and reveals that it has a negative effect on organizational innovation and organizational performance. The relevant mechanism of action helps to deepen the understanding of the influence process and the boundary of the organizational political atmosphere. This article not only enriches the related research on the organizational political atmosphere, strengthens the weak link of the research, and expands the related literature of the organization politics, the organization atmosphere, the organizational performance, the organization creation and so on. It provides a theoretical basis for further research and provides practical inspiration and guidance for managers.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F272.92

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