基于形态学特征和分子标记的中国驼螽科分类研究(直翅目)

发布时间:2023-08-10 17:45
  驼螽科Rhaphidophoridae隶属于昆虫纲Insecta、直翅目Orthoptera、螽亚目Ensifera、驼螽总科Rhaphidophoroidea。迄今为止,全球已知驼螽科昆虫10亚科86属814种(亚种),其中分布在中国的有2亚科14属126种(亚种),占世界该类群近六分之一。近年来的研究表明我国驼螽种类丰富且分布广泛,作为直翅目尤其是螽亚目的完全无翅类群,可能有着重要的进化学研究意义。关于我国驼螽类群的研究,主要为传统分类学研究,且多为零星报道,缺乏较全面系统的分类研究,系统发育研究也较为匮乏。基于对世界驼螽科系统分类研究进展的总结,在查阅大量文献的基础上,本论文对分布在中国的驼螽科昆虫进行了系统的整理和形态修订,共详细描述了我国驼螽科昆虫2亚科13属130种,编制了分亚科、分族、分属和分种检索表;并使用两个目的基因片段COI和28S,利用贝叶斯法和最大似然法构建了中国驼螽科10属47种共117个个体的系统发育树,研究了其系统发育关系;结合传统形态分类学和分子系统学的数据,对部分属种进行了修订。主要研究内容和研究结果如下:1.中国驼螽科形态分类研究以馆藏干制标本和在读...

【文章页数】:388 页

【学位级别】:博士

【文章目录】:
摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪论
    1.1 驼螽科生物学研究概况
    1.2 驼螽科分类研究概况
    1.3 驼螽科分类学研究进展
        1.3.1 驼螽亚科分类研究进展
        1.3.2 灶螽亚科分类研究进展
    1.4 驼螽科系统发育研究概况
    1.5 本研究的目的和意义
第二章 中国驼螽科形态分类研究
    2.1 研究材料
        2.1.1 实验材料
        2.1.2 仪器与试剂
    2.2 研究方法
        2.2.1 标本采集
        2.2.2 标本制作
        2.2.3 标本鉴定与描述
        2.2.4 绘图
        2.2.5 主要分类特征及术语
    2.3 结果与分析
        2.3.1 驼螽亚科Rhaphidophorinae Walker, 1869
            2.3.1.1 驼螽属Rhaphidophora Audinet-Serville,1838
                (1) 四齿驼螽R. quadridentata Qin, Jiang, Liu&Li, 2018
                (2) 纳版河驼螽,新种R. nabanheensis sp. nov
                (3) 马库驼螽,新种R. makuensis sp. nov
                (4) 短刺驼螽R. brevispinula Bian, Zhu&Shi, 2017
                (5) 那邦驼螽,新种R. nabangensis sp. nov
                (6) 五指山驼螽R. wuzhishanensis Qin, Jiang, Liu&Li, 2018
                (7) 双突驼螽R. biprocera Bian, Zhu&Shi, 2017
                (8) 方形驼螽R. quadrula Bian, Zhu&Shi, 2017
                (9) 长叶驼螽R. longitabula Bian, Zhu&Shi, 2017
                (10) 中华驼螽R. sinica Bey-Bienko, 1962
                (11) 四川驼螽R. sichuanensis Liu&Zhang, 2002
                (12) 显凹驼螽R. incilis Bian, Zhu&Shi, 2017
                (13) 西双驼螽R. xishuang Gorochov, 2012
                (14) 张家界驼螽,新种R. zhangjiajieensis sp. nov
                (15) 福寿山驼螽,新种R. fushoushanensis sp. nov
                (16) 南岭驼螽,新种R. nanlingensis sp. nov
                (17) 台湾驼螽R. taiwana Shiraki, 1930
                (18) 小殖板驼螽R. minuolamella Liu&Zhang, 2002
            2.3.1.2 新驼螽属Neorhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999
                (19) 长刺新驼螽N. longispinula (Bian, Zhu&Shi, 2017)
            2.3.1.3 华驼螽属Sinorhaphidophora Qin, Jiang, Liu&Li, 2018
                (20) 海南华驼螽S. hainanensis (Bian&Shi, 2016)
            2.3.1.4 优驼螽属Eurhaphidophora Gorochov,1999
                (21) 形优驼螽E. visibilis Gorochov, 2010
                (22) 截缘优驼螽E. truncata Bian&Shi, 2016
        2.3.2 灶螽亚科Aemodogryllinae Jacobson, 1905
            2.3.2.1 突灶螽属Diestramima Storozhenko,1990
                2.3.2.1.1 凹突灶螽亚属D.(Excisotettix)Gorochov&Storozhenko,2019
                    (23) 短凹突灶螽D.(E.)brevis Qin,Wang,Liu&Li,2016
                    (24) 居中凹突灶螽D.(E.) intermedia Liu&Zhang, 2001
                    (25) 尖端凹突灶螽D.(E.)acutiapicis Zhu&Shi, 2018
                    (26) 直凹突灶螽D. (E.) subrectis Qin, Wang, Liu & Li, 2016
                    (27) 双凹突灶螽D.(E.) bina Zhu&Shi, 2018
                    (28) 广西凹突灶螽D.(E.)guangxiensis Qin,Wang,Liu&Li,2016
                    (29) 宽凹突灶螽D.(E.) eurya Zhu&Shi, 2018
                2.3.2.1.2 突灶螽亚属D.(Diestramima) Gorochov, 1998
                    (30) 树突灶螽D.(D.)arbora Wang, Zhu&Shi, 2018
                    (31) 华南突灶螽D.(D.)austrosinensis Gorochov, 1998
                    (32) 内陷突灶螽D.(D.)excavata Qin,Wang,Liu&Li,2016
                    (33) 海南突灶螽D.(D.)hainanensis Gorochov&Storozhenko, 2015
                    (34) 拟双刺突灶螽D.(D.)parabispinosa Qin,Wang,Liu&Li,2016
                    (35) 云南突灶螽D.(D.)yunnanensis Gorochov&Storozhenko, 2015
                2.3.2.1.3 指突灶螽亚属D.(Baculitettix) Gorochov&Storozhenko, 2019
                    (36) 圆锥指突灶螽D.(B.)conica Qin,Wang,Liu&Li,2016
                    (37) 峨眉指突灶螽D.(B.)emeiensis Qin,Wang,Liu&Li,2016
                    (38) 贝氏指突灶螽D.(B.)beybienkoi Qin,Wang,Liu&Li,2016
                    (39) 微指突灶螽D.(B.)subtilis Zhu&Shi, 2018
                    (40) 圆端指突灶螽D.(B.)cycla Zhu&Shi, 2018
                    (41) 三角指突灶螽D.(B.)triangulata Qin,Wang,Liu&Li,2016
                    (42) 平截指突灶螽D.(B.)truncata Zhu&Shi, 2018
                    (43) 显指突灶螽D.(B.)distincta Gorochov, 2010
                    (44) 大指突灶螽D.(B.)major Gorochov, 1998
                    (45) 西藏指突灶螽D.(B.)tibetensis Qin,Wang, Liu&Li, 2016
                    (46) 片指突灶螽D.(B.)lamina Wang, Zhu&Shi,2019
            2.3.2.2 越突灶螽属Tamdaotettix Gorochov, 1998
                2.3.2.2.1 越突灶螽亚属T.(Tamdaotettix) Gorochov, 1998
                    (47) 长突越突灶螽T.(T.)longituberus Zhu, Bian&Shi, 2018
                    (48) 三齿越突灶螽T.(T.)tridenticulatus Qin,Liu&Li, 2016
                    (49) 淡色越突灶螽T.(T.) dilutus Gorochov, 1998
                    (50) 哀牢山越突灶螽T.(T.)ailaoshanicus Gorochov&Storozhenko, 2019
                2.3.2.2.2 老突灶螽亚属T.(Laotettix) Gorohov&Storozhenko, 2015
                    (51) 下弯老突灶螽T.(L.)curvatus Gorochov&Storozhenko,2015
                    (52) 截形越突灶螽T.(L.)truncatus Qin,Wang&Li,2019
            2.3.2.3 小突灶螽属Mimadiestra Storozhenko & Dawwrueng, 2014
                (53) 细长小突灶螽M.gracila Zhu, Wu&Shi, 2018
                (54) 二叉小突灶螽M.dicha Zhu,Wu&Shi,2018
            2.3.2.4 副疾灶螽属Paratachycines Storozhenko, 1990
                2.3.2.4.1 副疾灶螽亚属P.(Paratachycines) Storozhenko, 1990
                    (55) 河北副疾灶螽P.(P.)hebeiensis Zhang, Liu&Bi, 2009
                    (56) 乌苏里副疾灶螽P.(P.)ussuriensis Storozhenko, 1990
                2.3.2.4.2 半疾灶螽亚属P.(Hemitachycines) Storozhenko,1990
                    (57) 夏氏半疾灶螽P.(H.) xiai Zhang, Liu&Bi, 2009
            2.3.2.5 优疾灶螽属Eutachycines Storozhenko, 1990
                (58) 圆锯优疾灶螽E.crenatus (Di Russo&Rampini,2005)
                (59) 海南优疾灶螽E.hainani Gorochov,2010
                (60) 刘氏优疾灶螽,新种E.liui sp.nov
            2.3.2.6 小疾灶螽属Microtachycines Gorochov, 1992
                2.3.2.6.1 小疾灶螽亚属M. (Microtachycines) Gorochov, 1992
                    (61) 三刺小疾灶螽,新种M.(M.) trispinosus sp.nov
                    (62) 长板小疾灶螽M.(M.) elongatus Qin,Liu&Li 2017
                2.3.2.6.2 同疾灶螽亚属M.(Hamatachycines) subgen.nov
                    (63) 卷枝同疾灶螽,新组合M.(H.) volutus (Qin,Liu&Li, 2017) comb.nov
                    (64) 圆叶同疾灶螽,新组合M.(H.) ovalilobatus (Gorochov,2010) comb.nov
                    (65) 梯板同疾灶螽,新组合M. (H.) trapezialis (Qin,Liu&Li,2017) comb.nov
            2.3.2.7 拟疾灶螽属Pseudotachycines Qin,Liu&Li, 2017
                2.3.2.7.1 拟疾灶螽亚属P.(Pseudotachycines) Qin,Liu&Li, 2017
                    (66) 异形拟疾灶螽P.(P.)deformis Qin,Liu&Li,2017
                    (67) 无刺拟疾灶螽P.(P.)inermis Qin,Liu&Li, 2017
                    (68) 岳阳拟疾灶螽P.(P.)yueyangensis Qin,Liu&Li, 2017
                2.3.2.7.2 拟裸灶螽亚属P.(Gymnaetoides) stat. nov
                    (69) 黄褐拟裸灶螽,新组合P.(G.)testaceus (Qin,Liu&Li, 2017) comb.nov
                    (70) 尖叶拟裸灶螽,新组合P.(G.)acutilobatus (Gorochov, 2010) comb.nov
            2.3.2.8 芒灶螽属Diestrammena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
                (71) 大亚灶螽D. (Aemodogryllus) ingens Karny, 1915
                (72) 凤阳山亚灶螽望东垟亚种,新亚种D.(A.)fengyangshanica wangdongyangicasubsp.nov
                (73) 凤阳山亚灶螽指名亚种D.(A.)fengyangshanica fengyangshanica Liu, Bi&Zhang 2010
                (74) 巨亚灶螽,新组合D.(A.)maximus Qin,Wang, Liu&Li,2018 comb.nov
            2.3.2.9 疾灶螽属Tachycines Adelung,1902
                2.3.2.9.1 疾灶螽亚属T. (Tachycines) Adelung, 1902
                    (75) 庭疾灶螽T.(T.)asynamorus Adelung,1902
                    (76) 内陆疾灶螽T.(T.)meditationis Wurmli, 1973
                    (77) 白云尖疾灶螽T.(T.)baiyunjianensis Qin,Wang, Liu&Li,2018
                    (78) 卡氏疾灶螽T.(T.)karnyi Qin,Wang,Liu&Li,2018
                    (79) 内陷疾灶螽T.(T.)incisus Qin,Wang,Liu&Li,2018
                    (80) 中华疾灶螽T.(T.)chinensis Storozhenko, 1990
                    (81) 北方疾灶螽T.(T.)borealis(Cui&Liu,2013)
                    (82) 多刺疾灶螽T. (T.) multispinosus Qin, Wang, Liu & Li, 2018
                    (83) 夏氏疾灶螽T.(T.)xiai Qin,Wang, Liu&Li, 2018
                    (84) 横板疾灶螽T. (T.) transversus Qin, Wang, Liu & Li, 2018
                    (85) 炎陵疾灶螽T.(T.)yanlingensis Qin,Wang, Liu&Li,2018
                    (86) 四川疾灶螽T. (T.) sichuanensis Qin, Wang, Liu & Li, 2018
                    (87) 齿疾灶螽T. (T.) denticulatus (Gorochov, 2010)
                    (88) 花溪疾灶螽T.(T.)huaxi Huang&Luo, 2019
                    (89) 拉梅疾灶螽T.(T) rammei Karny, 1926
                    (90) 三叶疾灶螽T. (T.) trilobatus Qin, Wang, Liu & Li, 2018
                    (91) 斯文疾灶螽T.(T) svenhedini Karny, 1934
                2.3.2.9.2 裸灶螽亚属T.(Gymnaeta) Adelung,1902
                    (92) 贝氏裸灶螽T.(G.) beresowskii Adelung, 1902
                    (93) 布氏裸灶螽T. (G.) belousovi (Gorochov, 2010)
                    (94) 高山裸灶螽T.(G.) altimontanus (Gorochov, 2010)
                    (95) 双叉裸灶螽T.(G.)bifurcatus (Gorochov, 2010)
                    (96) 波氏裸灶螽T.(G.)borutzkyi (Gorochov,1994)
                    (97) 短瓣裸灶螽T.(G.) brevicaudus Karny, 1934
                    (98) 尾裸灶螽T. (G.) caudatus (Gorochov, Rampini & Di Russo, 2006)
                    (99) 洞穴裸灶螽T. (G.) cavernus (Jiao, Niu, Liu, Lei & Bi, 2008)
                    (100) 陈氏裸灶螽T. (G.) chenhui (Rampini & Di Russo, 2008)
                    (101) 滇西裸灶螽T.(G.)dianxicus Qin,Liu&Li, 2019
                    (102) 异灶螽T. (G.) dispar Qin, Liu & Li, 2019
                    (103) 伪裸灶螽T.(G.)fallax(Zhang&Liu,2009)
                    (104) 短腿裸灶螽T. (G,) femoratus (Zhang & Liu, 2009)
                    (105) 圣骨裸灶螽T. (G.) ferecaecus (Gorochov, Rampini & Di Russo, 2006)
                    (106) 甘肃裸灶螽T.(G.)gansu (Gorochov, 2010)
                    (107) 贡嘎山裸灶螽T.(G.)gonggashanicus (Zhang&Liu, 2009)
                    (108) 卡巴裸灶螽T.(G.)kabaki (Gorochov,2010)
                    (109) 拉林裸灶螽T.(G.)lalinus Feng, Huang&Luo, 2019
                    (110) 拉脱裸灶螽T. (G.) latellai (Rampini & Di Russo, 2008)
                    (111) 突变裸灶螽T.(G.)latus (Zhang&Liu,2009)
                    (112) 李氏裸灶螽T.(G.) Qin,Liu&Li, 2019
                    (113) 长瓣裸灶螽T.(G.)longicaudus Karny, 1934
                    (114) 长板裸灶螽T.(G.) longilaminus (Zhang & Liu, 2009)
                    (115) 泸水裸灶螽 (G.)lushuicus Qin,Liu&Li, 2019
                    (116) 猫儿山裸灶螽T.(G.)maoershanensis Qin,Liu&Li, 2019
                    (117) 对称裸灶螽T. (G.) omninocaecus (Gorochov, Rampini & Di Russo, 2006)
                    (118) 苍色裸灶螽T.(G.)pallidus Qin,Liu&Li,2019
                    (119) 小裸灶螽T.(G.)parvus Qin,Liu&Li,2019
                    (120) 近裸灶螽T. (G.) proximus (Gorochov, Rampini & Di Russo, 2006)
                    (121) 圆裸灶螽T. (G.) roundatus (Zhang & Liu, 2009)
                    (122) 拟圆锯裸灶螽T.(G.)semicrenatus (Gorochov,Rampini&Di Russo, 2006)
                    (123) 四川裸灶螽T. (G.) sichuanus (Gorochov, 2010)
                    (124) 实心裸灶螽T. (G.) solidus (Gorochov, Rampini & Di Russo, 2006)
                    (125) 真裸灶螽T. (G.) verus Qin, Liu & Li, 2019
                    (126) 邻近裸灶螽T.(G.)vicinus Qin,Liu&Li, 2019
                    (127) 武夷山裸灶螽T. (G.)wuyishanicus (Zhang&Liu,2009)
                    (128) 岳阳裸灶螽T. (G.) yueyangensis Qin, Liu & Li, 2019
                    (129) 卓氏裸灶螽T. (G.) zorzini (Rampini & Di Russo, 2008)
                    (130) 南岭裸灶螽,新种T.(G.)nanlingensis sp.nov
第三章 中国驼螽科分子系统学研究
    3.1 研究材料
        3.1.1 实验材料
        3.1.2 实验仪器与试剂
            3.1.2.1 实验仪器与耗材
            3.1.2.2 实验试剂
    3.2 研究方法
        3.2.1 基因组DNA的提取
        3.2.2 目的基因片段的扩增及测序
        3.2.3 分子数据处理和分析
        3.2.4 模型选择及系统发育树的构建
    3.3 结果与分析
        3.3.1 序列组成成分分析
        3.3.2 遗传距离
        3.3.3 碱基替换饱和度分析
        3.3.4 系统发育分析
            3.3.4.1 基于COI基因片段构建系统发育树
            3.3.4.2 基于28S基因片段构建系统发育树
            3.3.4.3 基于COI和28S的联合数据集构建系统发育树
    3.4 小结与讨论
第四章 总结与展望
    4.1 总结
        4.1.1 中国驼螽科传统形态分类研究
        4.1.2 中国驼螽科分子系统学研究
        4.1.3 部分属种修订
        4.1.4 中国驼螽科昆虫的分布特点
    4.2 创新点
    4.3 不足与展望
参考文献
附录Ⅰ 学名索引
附录Ⅱ 图版一(标本照)
附录Ⅲ 图版二(生态照)
附录Ⅳ 攻读博士学位期间发表论文和参与科研项目
致谢



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