古建筑石质构件健康状况评价技术研究与应用

发布时间：2018-01-07 23:21

本文关键词：古建筑石质构件健康状况评价技术研究与应用　出处：《北京化工大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：石质文物风化程度和安全等级的划分对其保护有重大意义，可为后续的加固和表面保护提供有力的依据。本文探讨出一种石质文物构件风化及安全等级定量评价方法。其步骤如下：⑴根据文物保护原则，选取通过无损或微损检测可以得到、同时能反映岩石风化和安全特征的物理性质作为评价指标；⑵通过专家打分法为各个评价指标分配相应的权重值，反映出不同指标对构件风化和安全等级的影响程度；⑶把风化程度分为五个级别，安全程度分为四个级别，并对每个级别拟定点数值；⑷依据单个评价指标初步判定构件的风化等级和安全等级；⑸采用点数加权法，计算得到各个构件最终的风化点数和安全点数，直观、准确地得到构件的风化和安全等级。本文采取上述评价方法，对故宫三台200个螭首进行风化等级和安全等级评价。采取扫描电镜（SEM）、离子色谱(IC)等仪器分析螭首构件的病害状况；确定病害主要成分为CaSO_4、MgSO_4、CaSO_42H_2O。通过超声波仪、视频显微镜、回弹仪等无损检测手段测定构件的风化指标和安全指标，评价出构件现在所处的风化等级和安全等级。结果表明，被检测构件存在着不同程度的风化和安全等级，绝大多数构件处于轻度风化和高度风化之间；有4个构件接近完全风化，，24个构件存在安全隐患，甚至趋近于亟待处理的境地，应当采取有效的保护措施。最后，通过现场调查验证，证明了该种评价方法的实用性和可行性。
[Abstract]:The classification of weathering degree and safety grade of stone relics is of great significance to its protection. This paper discusses a quantitative evaluation method of weathering and safety grade of stony cultural relic components. The steps are as follows: 1 according to the principle of cultural relic protection. The physical properties of rock weathering and safety characteristics can be obtained by nondestructive or micro-damage detection. (2) through the expert scoring method, the corresponding weight values are assigned to each evaluation index, which reflects the influence of different indexes on the weathering and safety grade of components; (3) the weathering degree is divided into five levels and the safety level is divided into four levels. (4) judging the weathering grade and safety grade of the component according to a single evaluation index; (5) the final weathering points and safety points of each component are calculated by the point weighting method, and the weathering and safety grades of the components are obtained intuitively and accurately. In this paper, the weathering grade and safety grade of 200 chi heads of three sets of The Imperial Palace were evaluated by using the above evaluation method. Ion chromatography (IC) and other instruments were used to analyze the disease status of the component of Chi head. The main component of the disease was identified as CaSOs 4MgSO4 / Caso _ 2H _ 2O.Through an ultrasonic instrument, a video microscope was used. The weathering index and safety index of the component are measured by non-destructive testing means such as resilience instrument, and the weathering grade and safety grade of the component are evaluated. There are different degrees of weathering and safety of the tested components, most of which are between mild weathering and high weathering. There are 4 components close to complete weathering, 24 components have hidden danger of safety, even close to the situation to be dealt with, we should take effective protection measures. Finally, through field investigation to verify. The practicability and feasibility of this evaluation method are proved.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU45

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