两种典型人员密集场所疏散过程分析

发布时间：2018-01-07 22:14

本文关键词：两种典型人员密集场所疏散过程分析　出处：《西安建筑科技大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：集体宿舍和地铁车站属于人员密集场所，由于建筑物内的人员密度较大，使得人员疏散效率降低和踩踏风险加大。人员疏散已成为在集体宿舍和地铁车站需要首先要给予关注的最基本的问题。进行人员疏散研究的两种主要手段为人员疏散演习试验和计算机数值模拟计算。人员疏散演习能够很好地给出疏散过程中的人群的各种行为特征，人员疏散计算机数值计算模型对个体的心理等方面具有较好的描述能力，便于研究者更好的体现人与环境、人与人之间在疏散过程中的关系，可以更好的再现人员的疏散过程。本文的研究目的就是基于人员疏散演习试验，进而建立准确、合理的人员疏散计算机数值计算模型，重点研究人员在疏散过程中的行为和特性，为典型密集场所如集体宿舍和地铁车站的人员疏散设计和人群管理提供参考。本文的主要研究内容如下：作者选择高校宿舍楼和地铁车站等人员密集建筑为研究对象。首先，选择男、女两栋宿舍楼作为研究对象分别进行了试验研究，将试验研究和数值计算相结合，研究分析了人员疏散过程及疏散中的行为，分析了宿舍楼内的疏散楼梯、走廊及出口对人员疏散的影响。研究发现人员疏散过程中存在聚集现象，随着期望速度的增大，人员聚集现象越严重；当期望速度的增大所带来的疏散正效应不足以弥补所带来的负效应时，，就会出现欲速则不达的现象；在疏散过程中，发现了聚众现象即人员的跟随效应。基于疏散分析发现，人员的疏散距离与疏散时间并不总是成正比的关系，并非近出口的人员会较快的疏散出去；多层建筑中人员需借助楼梯向地面疏散，疏散过程中会出现人员流量分层现象。其次，研究了地铁车站中的人员安全疏散过程。作者对地铁车站中行人的疏散进行了数值计算分析，讨论了人员密度、出口宽度对人员疏散的影响；将火灾蔓延与人员疏散相结合，研究了火灾情形下车站的环境参数的变化及对人员疏散过程的影响，探讨了火灾情形下多层地铁车站的人员疏散路径。
[Abstract]:Dormitory and subway station belong to the crowded place, because of the large density of people in the building. The efficiency of evacuation is reduced and the risk of stampede is increased. Evacuation has become the most basic problem that should be paid attention to first in the dormitory and subway station. The two main methods for the study of evacuation are personnel. Evacuation exercise test and computer numerical simulation calculation. Personnel evacuation exercise can well give the evacuation process of the crowd behavior characteristics. The computer numerical model of evacuation has a good ability to describe individual psychology, which is convenient for researchers to better reflect the relationship between people and environment and between people in the evacuation process. The purpose of this paper is to establish an accurate and reasonable computer numerical model of evacuation based on the test of evacuation exercise. This paper focuses on the behavior and characteristics of the personnel in the evacuation process, which provides a reference for the evacuation design and crowd management of typical dense places such as dormitory and subway station. The main contents of this paper are as follows: The author chooses the residential buildings of colleges and universities and subway stations as the research objects. Firstly, two dormitory buildings, male and female, are chosen as the research objects. Combining the experimental research with numerical calculation, the evacuation process and behavior in evacuation are analyzed, and the evacuation staircase in the dormitory is analyzed. The influence of corridor and exit on evacuation. It is found that there is a phenomenon of aggregation in the process of evacuation, and with the increase of expected speed, the phenomenon of aggregation becomes more serious. When the positive effect of evacuation brought by the increase of expected speed is not enough to make up for the negative effect, the phenomenon of "haste is not reached" will appear. In the process of evacuation, the phenomenon of crowd gathering is found. Based on the evacuation analysis, it is found that the distance of evacuation is not always proportional to the time of evacuation. People who are not near the exit will be evacuated more quickly; In the multi-storey building, people need to evacuate to the ground with the help of stairs, and the phenomenon of flow stratification will occur during the evacuation. Secondly, the safety evacuation process of the subway station is studied. The author carries on the numerical calculation analysis to the subway station passenger evacuation, discusses the influence of the person density, the exit width to the person evacuation; Combining fire spread with evacuation, the change of environmental parameters and the influence on evacuation process of station are studied, and the evacuation path of multi-story subway station under fire is discussed.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU998.1

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