固定式高压细水雾灭火系统及其关键元件的研制

发布时间：2018-01-07 20:44

本文关键词：固定式高压细水雾灭火系统及其关键元件的研制　出处：《武汉理工大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：安全及与环境友善消防技术的应用已成为当今世界环保领域发展的主要趋势。细水雾灭火技术以其灭火效率高、耗水量少和安全环保等特点,已成为卤代烷等传统灭火介质的主要替代品,并在消防领域得到了推广应用。手动电磁水阀是固定式高压细水雾灭火系统的重要控制元件,其性能好坏直接影响细水雾灭火系统的工作性能。现有的水压开关阀多采用管式或板式结构,集成度较低,造成了阀芯因腐蚀或堵塞易出现卡死现象,系统管网布置复杂,使用和维修不便。本文对固定式高压细水雾灭火系统的设计、系统关键元件—手动电磁水阀及其性能以及系统灭火效应进行研究,对推动细水雾灭火技术在消防领域的发展和应用具有重要作用。本文在对细水雾成雾原理、灭火机理研究的基础上,根据细水雾灭火系统的设计标准,并结合实际工况,设计出了固定式高压细水雾灭火系统；并分别对其基本功能、系统组成、启动运行方式和主要技术参数进行了阐述。根据高压细水雾灭火系统的技术要求,本文确定了手动电磁水阀的技术指标和功能要求。针对水压元件常遇到的密封、腐蚀及气蚀等问题,设计出了手动电磁水阀的具体结构。所设计的手动电磁水阀采用螺纹插装阀的结构形式,能实现手动和电动两种控制方式,具有较高的集成性、抗腐蚀性和抗气蚀性等特点。在所建立的手动电磁水阀数学模型的基础上,利用Fluent软件对其主阀流场和气穴流场进行了数值仿真,得出了流场的压力分布图、速度矢量图和流线图等。通过对阀不同开口度的流场仿真,明确了影响手动电磁水阀流场特性的相关因素；通过对阀在不同边界条件下气穴流场的仿真分析,确定了该阀流场中较易产生气穴现象的部位,并分析了影响气穴程度的因素,为手动电磁水阀的优化设计提供了理论依据。根据细水雾灭火系统相关标准中所规定的试验方法,利用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS,建立了细水雾灭火模型；基于上述模型,对细水雾灭火系统的灭火效应进行了数值仿真,并分析了火情大小、细水雾喷头的布置形式以及喷头与火源的距离等因素对系统灭火效应的影响。所得到的结果对细水雾灭火系统的设计及试验具有一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:The application of safety and environment-friendly fire protection technology has become the main trend in the field of environmental protection in the world. Water mist fire extinguishing technology is characterized by its high fire extinguishing efficiency, less water consumption and safety and environmental protection. It has become the main substitute of traditional fire extinguishing medium such as halogenated alkane and has been popularized and applied in the field of fire protection. Manual electromagnetic valve is an important control element of fixed high pressure water mist fire extinguishing system. Its performance directly affects the performance of water mist fire extinguishing system. Most of the existing water pressure switch valves use tubular or plate structure, and the integration level is low, resulting in the valve core corrosion or blockage prone to jam phenomenon. The layout of the system pipe network is complex and the operation and maintenance are inconvenient. In this paper, the design of the fixed high pressure water mist extinguishing system, the key component of the system, the manual electromagnetic water valve and its performance, as well as the fire extinguishing effect of the system are studied. It plays an important role in promoting the development and application of water mist fire extinguishing technology in the field of fire protection. Based on the study of the principle of water mist formation and the fire extinguishing mechanism, a fixed high pressure water mist fire extinguishing system is designed according to the design standard of the water mist fire extinguishing system and the actual working conditions. The basic function, system composition, start-up operation mode and main technical parameters are described respectively. According to the technical requirements of high pressure water mist fire extinguishing system, this paper determines the technical specifications and functional requirements of manual electromagnetic water valve, aiming at the sealing, corrosion and cavitation problems often encountered by water pressure components. The structure of manual solenoid valve is designed. The design of manual electromagnetic valve adopts the structure of threaded plug valve, which can realize manual and electric control, and has high integration. Based on the mathematical model of manual electromagnetic valve, the flow field and cavitation flow field of the main valve are numerically simulated by Fluent software. The pressure distribution diagram, velocity vector diagram and streamline diagram of the flow field are obtained. Through the simulation of the flow field of the valve with different openings, the relevant factors affecting the flow field characteristics of the manual electromagnetic valve are clarified. Through the simulation and analysis of the cavitation flow field under different boundary conditions, the location of cavitation phenomenon in the valve flow field is determined, and the factors influencing the cavitation degree are analyzed. It provides a theoretical basis for the optimal design of manual electromagnetic valve. According to the test methods stipulated in the relevant standards of water mist fire extinguishing system, a fire extinguishing model of water mist is established by using the fire dynamics simulation software FDS. Based on the above model, the fire extinguishing effect of water mist fire extinguishing system is numerically simulated, and the fire situation is analyzed. The influence of the arrangement of water mist sprinkler and the distance between the nozzle and the fire source on the fire extinguishing effect of the system is discussed. The results obtained are of certain reference value to the design and test of the water mist fire extinguishing system.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU998.132

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