小型住宅的理论能耗分析与实验验证

发布时间：2018-01-03 23:15

本文关键词：小型住宅的理论能耗分析与实验验证　出处：《上海交通大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当今国际政治与社会因素很大程度地影响和制约了能源的生产与供给，我国政府将节能减排制定为一项长期的政策，以满足环境保护和科学发展的要求。与其他国家相比，虽然我国人均居住能耗量目前处于较低的水平，但国家经济的发展、城镇化建设与居民生活水平的提高，必然会导致居住能耗的增长，加剧居住能耗需求与其他领域能耗需求之间的矛盾。建设节能住宅，推广节能技术已势在必行。因此，正确分析住宅的能耗特点，验证节能技术的地区适用性，研究新的家庭能源管理系统，对建设节能住宅，推广节能技术，减少住宅能耗具有十分重要的意义。本文针对夏热冬冷地区节能住宅能耗特点与节能手段适用性分析，以上海交通大学绿色能源实验室三楼的智能公寓为研究对象，进行了一系列的理论和实验研究。该建筑外围护结构具有很好的保温性能，包括外墙外保温的幕墙系统、双层Low-E玻璃；智能公寓内HVAC系统由VRF（Variable Refrigerant Flow）变频多联空调系统和全热交换器HRV（Heat Recovery Ventilator）组成，同时安装了家庭能源管理系统HEMS（Home Energy Management System）对公寓的能耗设备进行监测和管理。本文的主要研究内容和结论有：（1）利用建筑全能耗分析软件EnergyPlus建立实验住宅的模型，从而进行住宅HVAC系统能耗的模拟。利用模拟和实验对比的研究方法，在制冷和制热两种工况条件下，验证了住宅能耗系统模型的准确性，HVAC系统耗电量的模拟结果与实测值吻合较好。实验与模拟结果所产生的误差原因主要包括建筑物结构的简化与物性估算，实验测试、记录仪器的误差，VRF模型的简化，VRF性能曲线的误差以及EnergyPlus软件自身负荷计算引擎的误差等。（2）通过建筑全能耗软件EnergyPlus模拟住宅的全年运行，比较了传统住宅与实验住宅的负荷及全年能耗情况，发现在上海气候条件下（夏热冬冷地区），采用高保温性能外围护结构的实验住宅的空调负荷明显低于传统住宅，因而相同建筑面积情况下，，新型节能住宅可选用更小制冷量的空调机。与传统住宅相比，实验住宅全年空调耗电量减少了16.3%，制冷耗电量减少了15.0%，采暖耗电量减少了17.6%，冬季采暖工况下节能效果更佳；（3）通过建筑全能耗软件EnergyPlus模拟住宅的全年运行，分析了全热交换器对住宅HVAC系统能耗的影响，结果表明在过渡季节5、10月， HRV热交换通风运行增加了住宅HVAC系统的能耗，而在其他月份，HRV热交换通风运行均减少了住宅HVAC系统的能耗。其中由于冬季室内外温差较夏季大，冬季的总节能量较夏季大，为夏季的6.3倍。因而，在保证室内一定的温度及新风量的前提下，HRV的最佳节能运行策略为：5、10月份运行自然通风模式，利用室外空气减少建筑负荷从而减少HVAC系统能耗，其他月份均运行热交换通风模式。HVAC系统全年可节能10.4%；（4）通过建筑全能耗软件EnergyPlus模拟住宅的全年运行，分析了住宅能耗结构与分布，结果显示了住宅能耗中占比最大的为HVAC系统的能耗，占住宅综合总能耗的50.7%；炊事用具能耗占住宅总能耗的17.6%；生活热水能耗占住宅总能耗的9.2%；照明能耗占全年总能耗的6.4%；家用电器能耗（包括电视、冰箱及其他家用电器）占住宅总能耗的16.1%。实验住宅的HVAC系统能耗及生活热水能耗较一般住宅少，说明提高住宅外围护结构的保温性能，使用VRF变频多联空调和全热交换器，使用空气源热泵热水器，能够有效地降低夏热冬冷地区的住宅能耗。
[Abstract]:In today's international political and social factors greatly influences and restricts the production and supply of energy, the Chinese government will establish a long-term energy-saving emission reduction policies, to meet the requirements of scientific development and environmental protection. Compared with other countries, although China's per capita living energy consumption is in a low level, but the development of the national economy, urbanization construction and the improvement of living standards, will inevitably lead to residential energy consumption growth, the contradiction between the increasing energy demand and other areas of residential energy demand. Residential construction, the promotion of energy-saving technology is imperative. Therefore, the correct analysis of the characteristics of energy consumption in the residential area, verify the applicability of energy-saving technology, research on the family new energy management system, the construction of residential energy conservation, the promotion of energy-saving technology, has very important significance to reduce residential energy consumption.
Aiming at the hot summer and cold winter area residential energy consumption characteristics and energy saving methods applicability analysis, intelligent green energy laboratory on the third floor of the apartment of Shanghai Jiao Tong University as the research object, carried out a series of theoretical and experimental investigations. The construction of the external structure has good heat preservation performance, including curtain wall exterior insulation system, double Low-E glass intelligent; apartment HVAC system by VRF (Variable Refrigerant Flow) VRV air conditioning system and the heat exchanger HRV (Heat Recovery Ventilator), while the installation of the home energy management system (HEMS Home Energy Management System) energy equipment of the apartment for monitoring and management. The main research contents and conclusions:
(1) the use of building energy analysis software EnergyPlus to establish the experimental model to simulate the residential, residential energy consumption of HVAC system. Using the simulation method and experimental comparison, in cooling and heating two kinds of working conditions, to verify the accuracy of the model of residential energy consumption of the system, are in good agreement with the simulation results of HVAC system power consumption with the measured value. The causes of the error of experiment and simulation results including estimation, simplification and physical structure of the test error of recording instruments, the simplified VRF model, VRF performance curve error and EnergyPlus software engine load calculation error.
(2) the building energy simulation software EnergyPlus the operation of housing, compared the load and energy consumption of traditional residential and residential experiment, found that under the climatic conditions of Shanghai (hot summer and cold winter area air conditioning load), the experimental residential high insulation performance of building envelope is significantly lower than that of the traditional residential area of the same building, so under the condition of air conditioner can choose smaller new energy-saving residential cooling capacity. Compared with the traditional residential, residential experimental air-conditioning power consumption reduced by 16.3%, 15% reduction of power consumption of refrigeration, heating and power consumption is reduced by 17.6%, better energy-saving effect of winter heating conditions;
(3) the building energy simulation software EnergyPlus the operation of housing, analyzes the influence of heat exchanger HVAC system for residential energy consumption, results show that during the transitional season 5,10 month, HRV heat ventilation operation increases the energy consumption of residential HVAC system exchange, while in the other months, HRV heat exchange ventilation operation reduces the energy consumption of residential HVAC system. Because of the indoor and outdoor temperature in winter than in summer and winter, the total energy is large in summer, and 6.3 times in summer. Therefore, under the premise of ensuring a certain indoor temperature and air quantity under the best energy-saving operation strategy of HRV is: 5,10 month operating mode of natural ventilation, the use of outdoor air to reduce building HVAC load so as to reduce the energy consumption of the system, the other months are running the heat exchange ventilation mode.HVAC system throughout the year can save 10.4%;
(4) the building energy simulation software EnergyPlus the operation of housing, analyzes the structure and distribution of residential energy consumption, results show that the residential energy consumption in the largest proportion of the energy consumption of the HVAC system, accounting for 50.7% of the total energy consumption of residential kitchen; energy consumption in total energy consumption of residential 17.6%; domestic hot water energy consumption in total energy consumption of residential 9.2%; 6.4% lighting energy consumption accounted for the total energy consumption; energy consumption of household electrical appliances (including TV, refrigerators and other household appliances) HVAC system energy consumption and energy for domestic hot water 16.1%. experimental residential total energy consumption of residential housing is generally less, that improve thermal insulation performance of building envelope, using VRF VRV air condition and the total heat exchanger, the use of air source heat pump water heater, can effectively reduce residential energy consumption in hot summer and cold winter area.

【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU111.195

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